Paul Erdős
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| Născut | 26 martie 1913 Budapesta, Ungaria |
|---|---|
| Decedat | 20 septembrie 1996 Varşovia, Polonia |
| Alma Mater | Universitatea Budapesta |
Paul Erdős (în maghiară - Erdős Pál, cunoscut ocazional şi ca Paul Erdos ori Paul Erdös) (n. 26 martie 1913 – d. 20 septembrie 1996) a fost un matematician extrem de prolific, mereu aflat în mişcare şi faimos excentric, născut în Ungaria. Având sute de colaboratori în diverse ţări ale lumii, cu care a colaborat de cele mai multe ori la "ei acasă", Erdős a lucrat la numeroase probleme matematice legate de analiza combinatorie, teoria grafurilor, teoria numerelor, analiză matematică clasică, teoria aproximărilor, teoria mulţimilor şi teoria probabilităţii.
Prolificitatea lui Erdős ca autor de articole de matematică publicate (considerând numărul articolelor care au văzut lumina tiparului în timpul vieţii sale) se poate compara doar cu cea a lui Leonhard Euler, faimosul matematician al Iluminismului. Conform lui Hoffman (1998), Erdős a publicat un număr mai mare de articole, în timp ce Euler a publicat mai multe pagini matematice.
Paul Erdős a publicat în jur de 1.500 articole matematice în timpul vieţii sale, majoritatea având co-autori. Conform proiectului Internet numit The Erdős Number Project Data Files, Erdős a avut 511 colaboratori direcţi, dar diferiţi (care beneficiază toţi de onorantul Număr Erdős 1), ceea ce demostrează limpede crezul său, aplicat de el însuşi cu sfinţenie, "matematica este o activitate socială".
Cuprins |
[modifică] Biografie
[modifică] Opera matematică
Erdős was one of the most prolific publishers of papers in mathematical history, second only to Leonhard Euler; Erdős published more papers, while Euler published more pages (Hoffman 1998). He wrote around 1,500 mathematical articles in his lifetime, mostly with co-authors. He had 511 different collaborators (The Erdős Number Project Data Files), and strongly believed in (and obviously practiced) mathematics as a social activity.
Of his contributions, the development of Ramsey theory and the application of the probabilistic method especially stand out. Extremal combinatorics owes to him a whole approach, derived in part from the tradition of analytic number theory. Erdős found a proof for Bertrand's postulate which proved to be far neater than Chebyshev's original one. He also discovered an elementary proof for the Prime number theorem, along with Atle Selberg, which showed how combinatorics was an efficient method of counting collections.
[modifică] Colaboratori
Printre colaboratorii săi cei mai frecvense numără
- Yousef Alavi
- Béla Bollobás
- Stefan Burr
- Fan Chung
- Vašek Chvátal
- Ralph Faudree
- Péter Frankl
- Ron Graham
- Richard Guy
- András Gyárfás
- András Hajnal
- Eric Milner
- János Pach
- Carl Pomerance
- Richard Rado (co-authored Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem)
- Alfréd Rényi
- Vojtech Rődl
- C. C. Rousseau
- András Sárközy
- Dick Schelp
- Miklós Simonovits
- Vera Sós
- Joel Spencer
- Endre Szemerédi
- Paul Turán
- Peter Winkler
[modifică] Număr Erdős
Because of his prolific output, friends created the Erdős number as a humorous tribute; Erdős alone was assigned the Erdős number of 0 (for being himself), while his immediate collaborators could claim an Erdős number of 1, their collaborators have Erdős number at most 2, and so on. Some have estimated that 90% of the world's active mathematicians have an Erdős number smaller than 8 (not surprising in the light of the small world phenomenon). It is jokingly said that Baseball Hall of Famer Hank Aaron has an Erdős number of 1 because they both autographed the same baseball when Emory University awarded them honorary degrees on the same day. Erdős numbers have also been humorously assigned to an infant, a horse and several actors. For details see the "Extended Erdős Number Project" [1]
The Erdős number was most likely first defined by Casper Goffman, an analyst whose own Erdős number is 1.[1] Goffman published his observations about Erdős's prolific collaboration in a 1969 article entitled "And what is your Erdős number?"[2]
[modifică] Note
- ^ Michael Golomb's obituary of Paul Erdős
- ^ Goffman, Casper (1969). "And what is your Erdős number?". American Mathematical Monthly 76.
[modifică] Cărţi despre Erdős / Referinţe
- Aigner, Martin; Ziegler, Günter (2003). Proofs from THE BOOK. Berlin; New York: Springer. ISBN 3-540-40460-0.
- Hoffman, Paul (1998). The Man Who Loved Only Numbers: The Story of Paul Erdős and the Search for Mathematical Truth. New York: Hyperion Books. ISBN 0-786-88406-1.
- Schechter, Bruce (2000). My brain is open: The mathematical journeys of Paul Erdős. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN 0-684-85980-7.
- Csicsery, George (2005). N Is a Number: A Portrait of Paul Erdős. Berlin; Heidelberg: Springer Verlag. ISBN 3-540-22469-6.
- The Mathematics Genealogy Project — Paul Erdős
[modifică] Vedeţi şi
- List of things named after Paul Erdős
- Cameron–Erdős conjecture
- Erdős cardinal
- Erdős conjectures
- Erdős number
- Erdős–Bacon number
- Erdős–Anning theorem
- Erdős–Borwein constant
- Erdős–Ginzburg–Ziv theorem
- Erdős–Gyárfás conjecture
- Erdős–Kac theorem
- Erdős–Ko–Rado theorem
- Erdős–Szekeres theorem
- Erdős–Woods number
- The Erdős–Rényi model for random graphs
- Erdős-Diophantine graph
- Format:Ml (as in Erdős)
[modifică] Legături externe
- en Searchable collection of (almost) all papers of Erdős
- en O'Connor, John J.; Edmund F. Robertson "Paul Erdős". MacTutor History of Mathematics archive.
- en Paul Erdős at the Mathematics Genealogy Project
- en N este un Număr, un portret al lui Paul Erdős la N is a Number: a portrait of Paul Erdős
- en Prezentare a vieţii lui Paul Erdős pe web site-ul American Mathematical Society
- en Jerry Grossman la Oakland University, The Erdös Number Project
- en Omul care a iubit numai numere - The Man Who Loved Only Numbers - Lectură de Paul Hoffman (RealVideo), din seria de lecturi a Royal Society - Royal Society Public Lectures
- en hu Biografia lui Paul Erdős la web site-ul [Magyarorszag.hu
- en Necrolog al ziarului Washington Post
- en Tribut lui Paul Erdős (anecdote)
| Lista laureaţilor Premiului Wolf pentru matematică | ||
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Israel Gelfand / Carl L. Siegel (1978) · Jean Leray / André Weil (1979) · Henri Cartan / Andrey Kolmogorov (1980) · Lars Ahlfors / Oscar Zariski (1981) · Hassler Whitney / Mark Grigoryevich Krein (1982) · Shiing-Shen Chern / Paul Erdős (1983) · Kunihiko Kodaira / Hans Lewy (1984) · Samuel Eilenberg / Atle Selberg (1986) · Kiyoshi Itō / Peter Lax (1987) · Friedrich Hirzebruch / Lars Hörmander (1988) · Alberto Calderón / John Milnor (1989) · Ennio de Giorgi / Ilya Pyatetskii-Shapiro (1990) · Lennart Carleson / John G. Thompson (1992) · Mikhail Gromov / Jacques Tits (1993) · Jürgen Moser (1994) · Robert Langlands / Andrew Wiles (1995) · Joseph B. Keller / Yakov G. Sinai (1996) · László Lovász / Elias M. Stein (1999) · Raoul Bott / Jean-Pierre Serre (2000) · Vladimir Arnold / Saharon Shelah (2001) · Mikio Sato / John Tate (2002) · Grigory Margulis / Sergei Petrovich Novikov (2005) · Stephen Smale / Hillel Furstenberg (2006) |
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