Richard Buckminster Fuller
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| Richard Buckminster Fuller | |
 Richard Buckminster Fuller (circa 1917) |
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| Născut(ă) | 12 iulie 1895 Milton, Massachusetts |
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| Decedat(ă) | 1 iulie 1983 Los Angeles, California, Statele Unite |
| Naţionalitate |  Statele Unite ale Americii |
| Cunoscut(ă) pentru | Dom geodezic, Spaceship Earth, efemerizare, sinergetică |
| Ocupaţie | Vizionar, designer, arhitect, poet, autor, inventator |
| Soţ / Soţie | Anne Fuller |
Richard Buckminster ("Bucky") Fuller (n. 12 iulie 1895 – d. 1 iulie 1983)[1] a fost un vizionar, designer, arhitect, poet, autor şi inventator american. Fuller este cel mai bine cunoscut pentru inventarea domului geodezic, iar pe plan social ca fiind cel de-al doilea preşedinte al organizaţiei Mensa. [2]
De-a lungul întregii sale vieţi, Fuller a fost intens preocupat de întrebarea "Are umanitatea vreo şansă de a supravieţui suficient de mult şi de plin de succes pe planeta Pământ şi dacă "da" cum o va face?" Considerându-se el însuşi un individ obişnuit, fără modalităţi financiare deosebite şi fără titluri academice [3], Fuller a ales deliberat devotarea vieţii sale acestei cauze. A căutat mereu să descopere ceea ce ar putea face un individ obişnuit, aşa cum se considera, pentru a îmbunătăţii condiţiile de trai a majorităţii omenirii acolo unde organizaţii mari şi puternice precum guverne sau companii private nu erau capabile de a o face.
Urmărind cu tenacitate de-a lungul întregii sale vieţi ideile sale majore, Fuller a scris şi publicat peste 30 de cărţi, fiind şi cel care a propus şi popularizat termeni aşa cun sunt "Spaceship Earth" ("Nava spaţială Pamânt"), ephemeralization ("efemeralizare")şi synergetics ("sinergetică"). De asemenea, a lucrat şi realizat numeroase invenţii, sau a perfecţionat altele, mai ales în domeniul arhitecturii şi al designului industrial, dintre care cea mai cunoscută este domul geodezic. Uneori, substanţele din clasa specială de compuşi ai carbonului cunoscute ca fulerene mai sunt numite şi buckyballs, întrucât structura caestora este foarte similară cu suprafaţa domurilor geodezice.
Late in his life, after working on his concepts for several decades, Fuller had achieved considerable public visibility. He traveled the world giving lectures, and received numerous honorary doctorates. Most of his inventions, however, never made it into production, and he was strongly criticized in most fields he tried to influence such as architecture, or simply dismissed as a hopeless utopian. Fuller's proponents, on the other hand, claim that his work has not yet received the attention that it deserves. According to philosopher N.J.Slabbert, Fuller had an obscure writing style which has impeded the circulation of his ideas.[4]
Cuprins |
[modifică] Biografie
[modifică] Filozofie şi conceptul asupra lumii
Buckminster Fuller was an early environmental activist. He was very aware of the finite resources the planet has to offer, and promoted a principle that he termed "ephemeralization"—which in essence, according to futurist and Fuller disciple Stewart Brand, Fuller coined to mean "doing more with less."[5] Resources and waste material from cruder products could be recycled into making higher value products, increasing the efficiency of the entire process. Fuller also introduced synergetics, a metaphoric language for communicating experiences using geometric concepts, long before the term synergy became popular.
[modifică] Proiecte importante
In 1943, industrialist Henry J. Kaiser asked Fuller to develop a prototype for a smaller car, and Fuller designed a five-seater; the car never went into the development or production stages.
Another of Fuller's ideas was the alternative-projection Dymaxion map. This was designed to show the Earth's continents with minimum distortion when projected or printed on a flat surface.
[modifică] Cuvinte atribuite lui Fuller (Bucky-isme)
- Livingry is juxtaposed to weaponry and killingry and means that which is in support of all human, plant, and Earth life. "The architectural profession--civil, naval, aeronautical, and astronautica—has always been the place where the most competent thinking is conducted regarding livingry, as opposed to weaponry."—Critical Path, page xxv
[modifică] Diverse
Fuller was a frequent flier, who often crossed time zones. He famously wore three watches: one for the zone he was in; one for the zone he had just left; and one for the zone he was going to. By the mid 1980's, this custom had become anachronistic, as Casio and others began making digital watches that can display the time in any time zone one wishes, without the tedium of resetting the watch. (These watches are set to Coordinated Universal Time and display that time plus an offset for the chosen time zone. Newer radio-controlled watches simplify the process.)
[modifică] Vedeţi şi
[modifică] Referinţe
- ^ Encyclopædia Britannica. (2007). Fuller, R Buckminster. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Accesat la data de 2007-04-20.
- ^ Serebriakoff, Victor. "The Odd Way Mensa Began." (as linked to Western Pennsylvania Mensa website) [1]
- ^ Fuller, R. Buckminster (1981). Critical Path, pag. p. 124, New York: St. Martin's Griffin. ISBN 0312174918.
- ^ Slabbert, N. J. (Feb. 2007). Richard Buckminster Fuller's Plea for Comprehensive Design, Washington DC: Urban Land magazine.
- ^ Brand, Stewart (1999). The Clock of the Long Now, New York: Basic. ISBN 046504512X.
[modifică] Bibliografie
- Eastham, Scott: American Dreamer. Bucky Fuller and the Sacred Geometry of Nature; The Lutterworth Press 2007, Cambridge; ISBN 9780718830311
- R Buckminster Fuller, Nine Chains to the Moon, Anchor Books 1938, 1971
- R Buckminster Fuller, Critical Path, 1981
[modifică] Legături externe
- en The Buckminster Fuller Institute
- en Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth
- en Thinking Out Loud, a PBS TV program about Buckminster Fuller
- en Buckminster Fuller Virtual Institute
- en CJ Fearnley's List of Buckminster Fuller Resources on the Internet
- en Notes to R. Buckminster Fuller's Work
- en The Dymaxion House at Henry Ford Museum
- en WIRED article about Buckminster Fuller
- en Buckminster Fuller at Pionniers & Précurseurs. Containing a good bibliography
- en Buckminister Fuller's SYNERGETICS
- en Excellent Portrait of RBF in the design magazine ROGER
- en Buckminster Fuller Biography
- en Buckminster Fuller: Grandfather Of The Future
