Vizualizare sursă pentru „Juche”

{{Infobox Korean name
| title          = ''Juche''
| image          = Juche Tower torch.jpg
| caption        = Torță simbolizând ''juche'' în vârful Turnului Juche din [[Pyongyang]]
| context        = n
| hangul         = {{linktext|주체|사상}}
| hanja          = {{linktext|主體|思想}}
| rr             = Juche-sasang
| mr             = Chuch'e-sasang
| nr             = Juche-sasang
| koreanipa      = {{AFI-ko|t͡ɕu.t͡ɕʰe|}}
| lk             = Idee subiectivă
}}
'''Juche''' ([[Alfabetul Fonetic Internațional|AFI]]: {{AFI-ko|t͡ɕu.t͡ɕʰe|}}) este o [[doctrină politică]] dezvoltată de liderul nord-coreean [[Kim Ir-sen]].

Cele trei principii fundamentale sunt:
*suveranitate politică (''chaju'')
*independență economică (''charib'')
*autonomie militară (''chawi'')

Prima referire directă la doctrina Juche este într-o cuvântare din 28 decembrie 1955 a lui Kim Ir-sen intitulată „Despre eliminarea dogmatismului și a formalismului și introducerea ideii juche în munca ideologică.”<ref>Cumings, Bruce. Korea's Place in the Sun: a Modern History. New York: W.W. Norton, 2005.</ref>

În 1972 doctrina Juche, de încredere în sine, a înlocuit [[marxism-leninism]]ul ca ideologie oficială de stat în constituția nord-coreeană, iar în constituția revizuită din 1998 toate referințele la marxism-leninism au fost scoase.

Doctrina Juche a fost definitivată într-un document din 1982 intitulat „Despre ideea juche”.<ref>{{cite web|titlu=Kim Jong Il: On the Juche Idea|url=http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/062nd_issue/98092410.htm|accesat=19 martie 2012|archive-date=2008-02-14|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214101646/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/062nd_issue/98092410.htm|dead-url=yes}}</ref>

După moartea lui Kim Ir-sen, Coreea de Nord a introdus calendarul juche, conform căruia anul 1912 (anul de naștere al lui Kim Ir-sen) este Anul Juche 1.

În constituția nord-coreeană, din aprilie 2009, a fost introdusă politica Songun care întărește doctrina Juche.

<div style="text-align:center"><gallery>
File:Dprk pyongyang chuche monument 05.jpg|Turnul Juche<br> din Phenian
File:Pyongyang JucheTower.jpg|Turnul Juche,<br> vedere generală
File:Juche Tower 2015.JPG|Turnul Juche,<br>prim-plan
</gallery></div>

==Vezi și==
* [[Sistem monopartid]]
* [[Partidul Muncitoresc Coreean]]
* [[Ultranaționalism]]

==Note==
<references/>

===Lectură suplimentară===
*{{en icon}} Baik, Bong. ''Kim Il Sung: Biography''. Tokyo: Miraisha, 1969–1970. 3 vol.
*{{en icon}} Belke, Thomas J. ''Juche: A Christian Study of North Korea's State Religion''. Bartlesville, OK: Living Sacrifice Book Company, 1999. ISBN 0-88264-329-0.
*{{en icon}} Cheong, Seong-Chang. [http://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/240105-Cheong.pdf "Stalinism and Kimilsungism: A Comparative Analysis of Ideology and Power".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161017044810/http://www2.law.columbia.edu/course_00S_L9436_001/North%20Korea%20materials/240105-Cheong.pdf |date=2016-10-17 }} ''Asian Perspective'' 24.1 (2000): pp.&nbsp;133–161.
*{{en icon}} Fendler, Karoly. "Economic Assistance and Loans from Socialist Countries to North Korea in the Postwar Years, 1953–1963". ''Asien'' 42 (Jan 1992): pp.&nbsp;39–51.
*{{en icon}} Kang, Kwang-Shick. [http://arts.monash.edu.au/korean/ksaa/conference/33kwangshickkang.pdf "Juche Idea and the Alteration Process in Kim Il Sung's Works: A Study on How to Read Kim Il-Sung's Works".] Monash University: KSAA Conference 2001.  25 September 2001. pp.&nbsp;363–374.
*{{en icon}} Kiernan, Ben. ''The Pol Pot Regime: Race, Power, and Genocide in Cambodia Under the Khmer Rouge, 1975–79''. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 2002. ISBN 0-300-09649-6.
*{{en icon}} Kim, Jong-il. [http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/062nd_issue/98092410.htm#4.%20THE%20GUIDING%20PRINCIPLES%20OF%20THE%20JUCHE%20IDEA ''On the Juche Idea''.] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080214101646/http://www1.korea-np.co.jp/pk/062nd_issue/98092410.htm#4.%20THE%20GUIDING%20PRINCIPLES%20OF%20THE%20JUCHE%20IDEA |date=2008-02-14 }} 31 March 1982.
*{{en icon}} [[Christian Kracht]], Eva Munz, Lukas Nikol, "The Ministry Of Truth. Kim Jong Ils North Korea", Feral House, Oct 2007, 132 pages, 88 color photographs, ISBN 978-932595-27-7
*{{en icon}} Lankov, Andrei. [http://north-korea.narod.ru/propaganda_lankov.htm "The Official Propaganda in the DPRK: Ideas and Methods".] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130721230148/http://north-korea.narod.ru/propaganda_lankov.htm |date=2013-07-21 }} ''North Korean Studies''. 2006.
*{{en icon}} Lee, Chae-Jin. "China and North Korea: An Uncertain Relationship". ''North Korea after Kim Il Sung''. Eds. Dae-Sook Suh and Chae-Jin Lee. Boulder, CO: [[Lynne Rienner Publishers]], 1998. pp.&nbsp;193–209. ISBN 1-55587-763-X.
*{{en icon}} MacKerras, Colin. "The ''Juche'' Idea and the Thought of Kim Il Sung". ''Marxism in Asia.'' Eds. Colin MacKerras and Nick Knight. London: Croom Helm, 1985. ISBN 0-312-51852-8. pp.&nbsp;151–175.
* {{en icon}} [http://english.kbs.co.kr/news/newsview_sub.php?menu=1&key=2006072106 "NK 2nd Largest Food Aid Recipient".] ''KBS Global''. 21 July 2006.
*{{en icon}} Park, Han S. ''North Korea: The Politics of Unconventional Wisdom''. Boulder, CO: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2002. ISBN 1-58826-050-X.
*{{en icon}} Short, Philip. ''Pol Pot: Anatomy of a Nightmare''. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 2004. ISBN 0-8050-6662-4.
*{{en icon}} Tolnay, Adam. [http://www.ceausescu.org/ceausescu_texts/TolnayPAPER.pdf "Ceausescu's Journey to the East".] Georgetown University. ''Ceausescu.org''.
*{{en icon}} Van Ree, Erik. "The Limits of ''Juche'': North Korea's Dependence on Soviet Industrial Aid, 1953–76". ''Journal of Communist Studies'' 5 (Mar 1989): pp.&nbsp;50–73.

== Legături externe ==
{{Commonscat|Juche Tower}}

{{Subiecte Coreea Nord}}
{{Control de autoritate}}
[[Categorie:Doctrine politice de stânga]]
[[Categorie:Politica Coreei de Nord]]