Vizualizare sursă pentru „Hispanoamericanii și latinoamericanii din Statele Unite ale Americii”

{{Infocaseta Grup etnic
| grup = Hispanoamericani și latinoamericani din SUA
| steag = 
| steag_descriere = 
|imagine=<div style="white-space:nowrap;"><!--If you swap out an image, change the "x##px" entry for EACH image in the row so that the width of the row lines up with the others-->[[File:Cesar chavez crop.jpg|x115px|César Chávez]][[File:Raquel welch 1979.jpg|x115px|Raquel Welch]][[File:Admiral David Farragut (1801–1870) - collodion, LC-BH82-4054 restored.jpg|x115px|David Farragut]]<br/>[[File:Sonia Sotomayor 6 sitting, 2009.jpg|x113px|Sonia Sotomayor]][[File:Changdiaz.jpg|x113px|Franklin Chang-Diaz]][[File:Banuelos.jpg|x113px|Romana Acosta Bañuelos]]<br />[[File:Alex Rodriguez Talking.jpg|x115px|Alex Rodriguez]][[File:Hilda Solis official DOL portrait2.jpg|x115px|Hilda Solis]][[File:Isabel Allende - 001.jpg|x115px|Isabel Allende]]<br />[[File:Marco Rubio, Official Portrait, 112th Congress.jpg|x115px|Marco Rubio]][[File:Juan Bandini portrait4x3.jpg|x119px|Juan Bandini]][[File:Gloriaestefan ahoy flipped.jpg|x119px|Gloria Estefan]]
| imagine_descriere =[[César Chávez]]{{•}}[[Raquel Welch]]{{•}}[[David Farragut]]<br />[[Sonia Sotomayor]]{{•}}[[Franklin Chang-Diaz]]{{•}}[[Romana Acosta Bañuelos]]<br />[[Alex Rodriguez]]{{•}}[[Hilda Solis]]{{•}}[[Isabel Allende]]<br />[[Marco Rubio]]{{•}}[[Juan Bandini]]{{•}}[[Gloria Estefan]]
| populație = 52.045.277 locuitori
| regiune1 = '''{{USA}}'''
| pop1 = 52.045.277 loc. 
| ref1 = <ref name="CIA World Factbook">{{Citat web |url=https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/md.html |accessdate=2013-01-20 |titlu=CIA World Factbook |archive-date=2019-01-07 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190107090430/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/md.html |dead-url=yes }}</ref>
| limbi ='''[[Spaniolă]]''', '''[[Engleză]]''', '''[[Portugheză]]''', '''Limbi amerindiene''' 
| religii = [[Creștinism]]([[Catolicism]], [[Protestantism]])
| grupuri_înrudite = spanioli, portughezi, latinoamericani
| note = 
}}
'''Hispanoamericanii și latinoamericanii din Statele Unite ale Americii''' ([[engleză|eng.]]: ''Hispanic and Latino Americans'', [[spaniolă|spa.]] ''Hispanos y latinoamericanos'') sunt o minoritate etnică din [[Statele Unite]] ale cărei persoane provin din [[America Latină]] sau [[Spania]],<ref name="FragaGarcia2010">{{cite book|author1=Luis Fraga|author2=John A. Garcia|title=Latino Lives in America: Making It Home|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=XaNluPNVEQcC&pg=PA145|year=2010|publisher=Temple University Press|isbn=978-1-4399-0050-5|page=145}}</ref><ref name="Fisher1996">{{cite book|author=Nancy L. Fisher|title=Cultural and Ethnic Diversity: A Guide for Genetics Professionals|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=mqXlA7e4VN8C&pg=PA19|year=1996|publisher=Johns Hopkins University Press|isbn=978-0-8018-5346-3|page=19}}</ref><ref name="HoldenVillars2012">{{cite book|author1=Robert H. Holden|author2=Rina Villars|title=Contemporary Latin America: 1970 to the Present|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=2oShLUAPTYQC&pg=PA18|year=2012|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|isbn=978-1-118-27487-3|page=18}}</ref> respectiv acele persoane care sunt vorbitoare de [[limba spaniolă]] sau [[portugheză]].<ref name="fhwa.dot.gov">{{cite web |url=http://www.fhwa.dot.gov/hep/49cfr26.htm  U.S. Department of Transportation |title=49 CFR Part 26 |accessdate=2012-10-22 |quote="'Hispanic Americans,' which includes persons of [[Mexican-American|Mexican]], [[Puerto Rican-American|Puerto Rican]], [[Cuban American|Cuban]], [[Dominican-American|Dominican]], Central or South American, or other Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin, regardless of race;"}}</ref><ref name="SBA 8005">{{cite web |url=http://www.sbaonline.sba.gov/sops/8005/sop8005-3.pdf |title=US Small Business Administration 8(a) Program Standard Operating Procedure |accessdate=2012-10-22 |quote="SBA has defined 'Hispanic American' as an individual whose ancestry and culture are rooted in South America, Central America, Mexico, Cuba, the Dominican Republic, Puerto Rico, or the Iberian Peninsula, including Spain and Portugal." |archive-date=2006-09-25 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060925005103/http://www.sbaonline.sba.gov/sops/8005/sop8005-3.pdf |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=c2010def>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-02.pdf |title=Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2010 |accessdate=2011-03-28 |first1=Karen R. |last1=Humes |first2=Nicholas A. |last2=Jones |first3=Roberto R. |last3=Ramirez |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |format=PDF |quote="Hispanic or Latino" refers to a person of Cuban, Mexican, Puerto Rican, South or Central American, or other Spanish or Portuguese culture or origin regardless of race.}}</ref><ref name=hlorigin>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_h.html#hispanic_or_latino_origin |title=American FactFinder Help: Hispanic or Latino origin |publisher=[[United States Census Bureau]] |accessdate=2008-10-05 |quote=For Census 2000, American Community Survey: People who identify with the terms "Hispanic" or "Latino" are those who classify themselves in one of the specific Hispanic or Latino categories listed on the Census 2000 or ACS questionnaire - "Mexican," "Puerto Rican," or "Cuban" - as well as those who indicate that they are "other Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino." Origin can be viewed as the heritage, nationality group, lineage, or country of birth of the person or the person's parents or ancestors before their arrival in the United States. People who identify their origin as Spanish, Hispanic, or Latino may be of any "race".<br />1990 Census of Population and Housing: A self-designated classification for people whose origins are from Spain, the Spanish-speaking countries of Central or South America, the Caribbean, or those identifying themselves generally as Spanish, Spanish-American, etc. Origin can be viewed as ancestry, nationality, or country of birth of the person or person's parents or ancestors prior to their arrival in the United States. |archive-date=2001-03-05 |archive-url=http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20010305235951/http://factfinder.census.gov/home/en/epss/glossary_h.html#hispanic_or_latino_origin |dead-url=yes }}</ref><ref name=omb>{{cite web|url=http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html|title=Revisions to the Standards for the Classification of Federal Data on Race and Ethnicity. Federal Register Notice 30 octombrie 1997|accessdate=2012-06-01|author=Office of Management and Budget|archive-date=2004-02-08|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20040208185224/http://www.whitehouse.gov/omb/fedreg/1997standards.html|dead-url=yes}}</ref><ref name=overview>{{cite web |url=http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/cenbr01-1.pdf |title=Overview of Race and Hispanic Origin: 2000 |last=Grieco |first=Elizabeth M. |author2=Rachel C. Cassidy |accessdate=2008-04-27 |format=[[Portable Document Format|PDF]] |publisher=United States Census Bureau}}</ref><ref name=hlspec>{{cite web |url=http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=true&-mt_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G2000_B03001&-format=&-CONTEXT=dt |title=B03001. Hispanic or Latino origin by specific origin |work=2009 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates |accessdate=2010-10-17 |publisher=U.S. Census Bureau |archive-date=2020-02-12 |archive-url=https://archive.today/20200212034931/http://factfinder.census.gov/servlet/DTTable?_bm=y&-geo_id=01000US&-ds_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G00_&-_lang=en&-redoLog=true&-mt_name=ACS_2009_1YR_G2000_B03001&-format=&-CONTEXT=dt |dead-url=yes }}</ref>

În urma recensământului din 2011, 52.045.277 persoane, respectiv 16, 7% din cetățenii Statelor Unite s-au declarat [[hispanici]] sau latinoamericani.<ref>{{Citation |author1=Office, US Census Bureau Public Information |publisher=www.census.gov |language=EN |title=Most Children Younger Than Age 1 are Minorities, Census Bureau Reports - Population - Newsroom - U.S. Census Bureau |url=http://www.census.gov/newsroom/releases/archives/population/cb12-90.html}}</ref> Hispanicii și latinoamericanii din SUA reprezintă grupul etnic cel mai prolific, 26% dintre nou-născuții [[americani]] aparținând acestui grup etnico-lingvistic.<ref>{{Citation |date=2012-05-17 |author1=Slate.fr |publisher=Slate.fr |language=fr |title=Les bébés non blancs pour la première fois majoritaires aux Etats-Unis |url=http://www.slate.fr/lien/56275/bebes-minorites-etats-unis}}</ref>

De fapt, factorul de legătură al acestui grup etnico-lingvistic îl constituie limba pentru că, din punct de vedere genetic, membrii săi pot aparține atât rasei albe (spanioli, portughezi), rasei negre (urmașii sclavilor africani din țările latinoamericane) cât și rasei galbene (populațiile amerindiene: [[maya]], [[quechua]], [[aymara]], etc) sau încrucișării dintre acestea.

== Demografie ==
[[File:2010 US Census Hispanic Population by County.svg|thumb|right|350px|Procentajul hispanicilor și latino rezidenți după regiune.]]
{|class="wikitable sortable" font-size:100%"
<caption><br />'''Populația după originea națională (2010)'''<br /><small>(etnie auto-identificată, nu după locul nașterii)</small><ref>[http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-04.pdf United States Census Bureau: "The Hispanic Population 2010 Census Brief: Table 1. "Hispanic or Latino Origin Population by Type: 2000 and 2010"] May 2011</ref></caption>
|-bgcolor="#EFEFEF"
!Grup hispanic||Populație||% din Hispanici
|-
|{{flagicon|Mexico}} Mexicani
!31,798,258
!63.0
|-
|{{flagicon|Puerto Rico}} Puerto Ricani
!4,623,716
!9.2
|-
|{{flagicon|Cuba}} Cubanezi
!1,785,547
!3.5
|-
|{{flagicon|El Salvador}} Salvadorieni
!1,648,968
!3.3
|-
|{{flagicon|Dominican Republic}} Dominicani
!1,414,703
!2.8
|-
|{{flagicon|Guatemala}} Guatemalezi
!1,044,209
!2.1
|-
|{{flagicon|Colombia}} Columbieni
!908,734
!1.8
|-
|{{flagicon|Spain}} Spanioli
!635,253
!1.3
|-
|{{flagicon|Honduras}} Hondurieni
!633,401
!1.3
|-
|{{flagicon|Ecuador}} Ecuadorieni
!564,631
!1.1
|-
|{{flagicon|Peru}} Peruani
!531,358
!1.1
|-
|{{flagicon|Nicaragua}} Nicaraguani
!348,202
!0.7
|-
|{{flagicon|Argentina}} Argentinieni
!224,952
!0.4
|-
|{{flagicon|Venezuela}} Venezuelani
!215,023
!0.4
|-
|{{flagicon|Panama}} Panamanezi
!165,456
!0.3
|-
|{{flagicon|Chile}} Chilieni
!126,810
!0.3
|-
|{{flagicon|Costa Rica}} Costa Ricani
!126,418
!0.3
|-
|{{flagicon|Bolivia}} Bolivieni
!99,210
!0.2
|-
|{{flagicon|Uruguay}} Uruguayeni
!56,884
!0.1
|-
|{{flagicon|Paraguay}} Paraguayeni
!20,023
!-
|-
|Alții
!3,505,838
!6.9
|-
|Total
!50,477,594
!100
|}

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|+'''Zone metropolitane ale SUA cu peste 1 milion de hispanici (2011)'''<ref>{{Citation |author2=Suite 800Washington |date=2016-09-06 |author1=NW, 1615 L. St |publisher=Pew Research Center&#039;s Hispanic Trends Project |language=en |title=Hispanic Population and Origin in Select U.S. Metropolitan Areas, 2014 |url=http://www.pewhispanic.org/2013/08/29/hispanic-population-in-select-u-s-metropolitan-areas-2011/ |author3=Inquiries, DC 20036USA202-419-4300 | Main202-857-8562 | Fax202-419-4372 | Media}}</ref>
! Poziție
! Zonă metropolitană
! Hispanici
! Procent de hispanici din total
|-
| align=center | 1
| [[Los Angeles, California]]
| align=right |5,804,000
| align=right |45%
|-
| align=center | 2
|[[New York, New York]]
| align=right | 4,317,000
| align=right | 24%
|-
| align=center | 3
| [[Houston, Texas]]
| align=right | 2,105,000
| align=right | 37%
|-
| align=center | 4
| [[Riverside-San Bernardino|Riverside, California]]
| align=right | 2,062,000
| align=right | 48%
|-
| align=center | 5
| [[Chicago, Illinois]]
| align=right | 1,971,000
| align=right | 22%
|-
| align=center | 6
| [[Dallas, Texas]]
| align=right | 1,809,000
| align=right | 28%
|-
| align=center | 7
| [[Miami, Florida]]
| align=right| 1,627,000
| align=right| 65%
|-
| align=center | 8
| [[Phoenix, Arizona]]
| align=right| 1,163,000
| align=right| 30%
|-
| align=center | 9
| [[San Francisco, California]]
| align=right| 1,114,000
| align=right| 23%
|-
| align=center | 10
| [[San Antonio, Texas]]
| align=right| 1,112,000
| align=right| 56%
|-
| align=center | 11
| [[San Diego, California]]
| align=right| 1,021,000
| align=right| 33%
|}

{| class="wikitable"
|+'''Statele cu cele mai numeroși hispanici''' (2012)<ref>http://www.census.gov/population/www/cen2000/briefs/phc-t6/index.html</ref>
! Poziție
! Stat
! Procent de hispanici
|-
| align=center | 1
| [[New Mexico]]
| align=right | 47%
|-
| align=center | 2
|[[California]]
| align=right | 38%
|-
| align=center | 3
| [[Texas]]
| align=right | 38%
|-
| align=center | 4
| [[Arizona]]
| align=right | 30%
|-
| align=center | 5
| [[Nevada]]
| align=right | 27%
|-
| align=center | 6
| [[Florida]]
| align=right | 23%
|-
| align=center | 7
| [[Colorado]]
| align=right | 21%
|-
| align=center | 8
| [[New Jersey]]
| align=right| 19%
|-
| align=center | 9
| [[New York]]
| align=right| 18%
|-
| align=center | 10
| [[Illinois]]
| align=right| 16%
|}

== Vezi și ==
* [[Americani albi]]
* [[Afro-americani]]
* [[Latini]]
* [[Popoare latine]]

==Referințe==
<references/>

==Bibliografie==
<div style="height:500px; width:100%; overflow:auto;">
=== Studii și istoriografie ===
* Bean, Frank D., and Marta Tienda. ''The Hispanic Population of the United States'' (1987), statistical analysis of demography and social structure
* [[Miguel A. De La Torre]]. ''Encyclopedia on Hispanic American Religious Culture'' (2 vol. ABC-CLIO Publishers, 2009).
* De Leon, Arnoldo, and Richard Griswold Del Castillo. ''North to Aztlan: A History of Mexican Americans in the United States'' (2006)
* Garcia, Richard A. "Changing Chicano Historiography," ''Reviews in American History'' 34.4 (2006) 521-528 in [[Project Muse]]
* Gomez-Quiñones, Juan. ''Mexican American Labor, 1790-1990.'' (1994).
* Gutiérrez, David G. ed. ''The Columbia History of Latinos in the United States Since 1960'' (2004) 512pp [http://www.amazon.com/Columbia-History-Latinos-United-States/dp/0231118090/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190386160&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Gutiérrez, David G. "Migration, Emergent Ethnicity, and the 'Third Space'": The Shifting Politics of Nationalism in Greater Mexico" ''Journal of American History'' 1999 86(2): 481-517. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/2567042 in JSTOR] covers 1800 to the 1980s
* Leonard, David J. ''Latino History and Culture: An Encyclopedia'' (Sharpe Reference 2009)
*Oboler, Suzanne, and Deena J. González, eds. ''The Oxford Encyclopedia Of Latinos & Latinas In The United States'' (4 vol. 2006) [http://www.amazon.com/Oxford-Encyclopedia-Latinos-Latinas-United/dp/B004JZWVEU/ excerpt and text search]
* Rochín, Refugio I., and Denis N. Valdés, eds. ''Voices of a New Chicana/o History.'' (2000). 307 pp.
* Ruiz, Vicki L. “Nuestra América: Latino History as United States History,” ''Journal of American History,'' 93 (2006), 655–72. [http://www.jstor.org/stable/4486408 in JSTOR]
* Ruiz, Vicki L. ''From Out of the Shadows: Mexican Women in Twentieth-Century America'' (1998)

=== Pre 1965 ===
* Bogardus, Emory S. ''The Mexican in the United States'' (1934), sociological
* Gamio, Manuel. ''The Life Story of the Mexican Immigrant'' (1931)
* Gamio, Manuel. ''Mexican Immigration to the United States'' (1939)
* García, Mario T. ''Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology and Identity, 1930–1960'' (1989)
* García, Mario T. ''Desert Immigrants. The Mexicans of El Paso, 1880-1920'' (1982) 348 pp; [http://search.live.com/results.aspx?q=&mkt=en-us&scope=books&FORM=LIVSOP#q=%20Gamio%2C%20Manuel&filter=all&start=1&t=ivCkjgDxC9P4PBRhjHBcHQ&sq=%20Gamio%2C%20Manuel excerpt and text search]
* Gomez-Quinones, Juan. ''Roots of Chicano Politics, 1600-1940'' (1994)
* Grebler, Leo, Joan Moore, and Ralph Guzmán. ''The Mexican American People: The Nation's Second Largest Minority'' (1970), emphasis on census data and statistics
* Rivas-Rodríguez, Maggie ed. ''Mexican Americans and World War II'' (2005)
* Sanchez, George J. ''Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945'' (1995) [http://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Mexican-American-Ethnicity-1900-1945/dp/0195096487/ref=sr_1_9?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1196813292&sr=8-9 excerpt and text search]

=== Cultură și politică, post 1965 ===
* Abrajano, Marisa A., and R. Michael Alvarez, eds. ''New Faces, New Voices: The Hispanic Electorate in America'' (Princeton University Press; 2010) 219 pages. Documents the generational and other diversity of the Hispanic electorate and challenges myths about voter behavior.
* Aranda, José, Jr. ''When We Arrive: A New Literary History of Mexican America.'' U. of Arizona Press, 2003. 256 pp.
* Arreola, Daniel D., ed. ''Hispanic Spaces, Latino Places: Community and Cultural Diversity in Contemporary America.'' 2004. 334 pp.
* Badillo, David A. ''Latinos and the New Immigrant Church.'' 2006. 275 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Latinos-Immigrant-Church-David-Badillo/dp/0801883873/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439630&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Berg, Charles Ramírez. ''Latino Images in Film: Stereotypes, Subversion, and Resistance.'' 2002. 314 pp.
* Branton, Regina. "Latino Attitudes toward Various Areas of Public Policy: The Importance of Acculturation," ''Political Research Quarterly'', Vol. 60, No. 2, 293-303 (2007) [http://prq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/60/2/293 Abstract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20091109111936/http://prq.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/60/2/293 |date=2009-11-09 }}
* Cepeda, Raquel. ''Bird of Paradise: How I Became Latina'' Atria Books. 2013. ISBN 978-1-4516-3586-7. A personal exploration of [[Dominican American]] identity via family interviews, travel and genetic genealogy. [http://djalirancher.com/books/bird-of-paradise-how-i-became-latina/ Synopsis and Excerpt] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130528150618/http://djalirancher.com/books/bird-of-paradise-how-i-became-latina/ |date=2013-05-28 }}
* DeGenova, Nicholas and Ramos-Zayas, Ana Y. ''Latino Crossings: Mexicans, Puerto Ricans, and the Politics of Race and Citizenship.'' 2003. 257 pp.
* Dolan, Jay P. and Gilberto M. Hinojosa; ''Mexican Americans and the Catholic Church, 1900-1965'' (1994)
* Fregoso, Rosa Linda. ''The Bronze Screen: Chicana and Chicano Film Culture.'' (1993) [http://www.amazon.com/Bronze-Screen-Chicana-Chicano-Culture/dp/0816621365/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439770&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* García, Mario T. ''Mexican Americans: Leadership, Ideology and Identity, 1930–1960'' (1989)
* García, María Cristina. ''Seeking Refuge: Central American Migration to Mexico, The United States, and Canada.'' (2006) 290pp
* Gomez-Quinones, Juan. ''Chicano Politics: Reality and Promise, 1940-1990'' (1990)
* Gutiérrez, David G. ''Walls and Mirrors: Mexican Americans, Mexican Immigrants, and the Politics of Ethnicity in the Southwest, 1910-1986'' 1995. [http://www.amazon.com/Walls-Mirrors-Americans-Immigrants-Ethnicity/dp/0520202198/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439733&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hammerback, John C., Richard J. Jensen, and Jose Angel Gutierrez. ''A War of Words: Chicano Protest in the 1960s and 1970s'' 1985.
* Herrera-Sobek, Maria. ''Celebrating Latino Folklore: An Encyclopedia of Cultural Traditions'' (3 vol., 2012) [http://www.amazon.com/Celebrating-Latino-Folklore-volumes-Encyclopedia/dp/031334339X/ excerpt and text search]
* Kanellos, Nicolás, ed. ''The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Latino Literature'' (3 vol. 2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Greenwood-Encyclopedia-Literature-Volumes-volumes/dp/0313339708/ excerpt and text search]
* Kenski, Kate and Tisinger, Russell. "Hispanic Voters in the 2000 and 2004 Presidential General Elections." ''Presidential Studies Quarterly'' 2006 36(2): 189-202. Issn: 0360-4918
*López-Calvo, Ignacio. ''Latino Los Angeles in Film and Fiction: The Cultural Production of Social Anxiety''. University of Arizona Press, 2011. ISBN 0-8165-2926-4
* Martinez, Juan Francisco. ''Sea La Luz: The Making of Mexican Protestantism in the American Southwest, 1829-1900'' (2006)
* Matovina, Timothy. ''Guadalupe and Her Faithful: Latino Catholics in San Antonio, from Colonial Origins to the Present.'' 2005. 232 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Guadalupe-Her-Faithful-Catholics-Religions/dp/080188229X/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439807&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Meier, Matt S., and Margo Gutierrez, ed. ''Encyclopedia of the Mexican American Civil Rights Movement'' (2000) [http://www.amazon.com/Encyclopedia-Mexican-American-Rights-Movement/dp/0313304254/ref=sr_1_2/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511642&sr=1-2 excerpt and text search]
* Nuno, S. A. "Latino Mobilization and Vote Choice in the 2000 Presidential Election" ''American Politics Research,'' (2007); 35(2): 273 - 293. [http://apr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/273 Abstract] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100102125638/http://apr.sagepub.com/cgi/content/abstract/35/2/273 |date=2010-01-02 }}
* Saldívar-Hull, Sonia. ''Feminism on the Border: Chicana Gender Politics and Literature'' 2000. [http://www.amazon.com/Feminism-Border-Chicana-Politics-Literature/dp/0520207335/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190439846&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Wegner, Kyle David, “Children of Aztlán: Mexican American Popular Culture and the Post-Chicano Aesthetic” (PhD dissertation State University of New York, Buffalo, 2006). Order No. DA3213898.

=== Regionale și locale ===
* Overmyer-Velazquez, Mark. ''Latino America: A State-by-State Encyclopedia'' (2 vol. 2008) [http://www.amazon.com/Latino-America-volumes-State---State/dp/0313341168/ excerpt and text search]

==== California ====
* [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/HHBindex.htm Hubert Howe Bancroft. ''The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft,'']
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/HHBindex.htm vol 18-24, ''History of California'' to 1890]
* Bedolla, Lisa García. ''Fluid Borders: Latino Power, Identity, and Politics in Los Angeles.'' 2005. 279 pp.
* Burt, Kenneth C. ''The Search for a Civic Voice: California Latino Politics'' (2007) [http://www.amazon.com/Search-Civic-Voice-California-Politics/dp/1930053509/ref=sr_1_5?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1198650140&sr=1-5 excerpt and text search]
* Camarillo, Albert. ''Chicanos in a Changing Society: From Mexican Pueblos to American Barrios in Santa Barbara and Southern California, 1848–1930'' (1979)
* Camarillo, Albert M., “Cities of Color: The New Racial Frontier in California’s Minority-Majority Cities,” ''Pacific Historical Review,'' 76 (Feb. 2007), 1–28; looks at cities of Compton, East Palo Alto, and Seaside
* Daniel, Cletus E. ''Bitter Harvest: A History of California Farmworkers, 1870-1941'' 1981.
* García, Matt. ''A World of Its Own: Race, Labor, and Citrus in the Making of Greater Los Angeles, 1900-1970'' (2001),
* Hayes-Bautista, David E. ''La Nueva California: Latinos in the Golden State.'' U. of California Press, 2004. 263 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Nueva-California-Latinos-Golden-State/dp/0520241460/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190230154&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Hughes, Charles. "The Decline of the Californios: The Case of San Diego, 1846-1856" ''The Journal of San Diego History'' Summer 1975, Volume 21, Number 3 online at [http://www.sandiegohistory.org/journal/75summer/decline.htm]
* McWilliams, Carey. ''North from Mexico''. (1949), farm workers in California
* Pitt, Leonard. ''The Decline of the Californios: A Social History of the Spanish speaking Californians, 1846-1890'' (ISBN 0-520-01637-8)
* Sánchez; George J. ''Becoming Mexican American: Ethnicity, Culture, and Identity in Chicano Los Angeles, 1900-1945'' (1993) [http://www.amazon.com/Becoming-Mexican-American-Ethnicity-1900-1945/dp/0195096487/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190472154&sr=1-1 excerpt and text search]
* Valle, Victor M. and Torres, Rodolfo D. ''Latino Metropolis.'' 2000. 249 pp. on Los Angeles

==== Texas și Sud-vest ====
* Alonzo, Armando C. ''Tejano Legacy: Rancheros and Settlers in South Texas, 1734-1900'' (1998)
* [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/HHBindex.htm Hubert Howe Bancroft. ''The Works of Hubert Howe Bancroft,'']
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/15/album1.html v 15: ''History of the North Mexican States and Texas, Volume 1: 1531 - 1800''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415073050/http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/15/album1.html |date=2014-04-15 }}
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/16/album1.html v 16 ''History of the North Mexican States and Texas, Volume 2: 1801 - 1889''] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140415073401/http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/16/album1.html |date=2014-04-15 }}
** [http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/17/album1.html Vol. 17 ''History of Arizona and New Mexico (1530-1888)'' (1889)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080527195314/http://www.1st-hand-history.org/Hhb/17/album1.html |date=2008-05-27 }}
* Blackwelder, Julia Kirk. ''Women of the Depression: Caste and Culture in San Antonio'' 1984. [http://www.amazon.com/Women-Depression-Culture-1929-1939-Southwestern/dp/0890968640/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511202&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Buitron Jr., Richard A. ''The Quest for Tejano Identity in San Antonio, Texas, 1913-2000'' (2004) [http://www.amazon.com/Tejano-Identity-Antonio-1913-2000-Communities/dp/0415949505/ref=sr_1_1/103-4827826-5463040?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1190511249&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Chávez, John R. ''The Lost Land: The Chicano Image of the Southwest'' (Albuquerque, 1984)
* Chávez-García, Miroslava. ''Negotiating Conquest: Gender and Power in California, 1770s to 1880s'' (2004).
* De León, Arnoldo. ''They Called Them Greasers: Anglo Attitudes toward Mexicans in Texas, 1821–1900'' (Austin, 1983)
* De León, Arnoldo. ''Mexican Americans in Texas: A Brief History'', 2nd ed. (1999)
* Deutsch, Sarah ''No Separate Refuge: Culture, Class, and Gender on the Anglo-Hispanic Frontier in the American Southwest, 1880-1940'' 1987
* Dysart, Jane. "Mexican Women in San Antonio, 1830-1860: The Assimilation Process" ''Western Historical Quarterly'' 7 (October 1976): 365-375. [http://www.jstor.org/pss/968057 in JSTOR]
* Echeverría, Darius V., “Aztlán Arizona: Abuses, Awareness, Animosity, and Activism amid Mexican-Americans, 1968–1978” PhD dissertation (Temple University, 2006). Order No. DA3211867.
* Fregoso; Rosa Linda. ''Mexicana Encounters: The Making of Social Identities on the Borderlands'' (2003)
* Garcia, Ignacio M. ''Viva Kennedy: Mexican Americans in Search of Camelot,'' Texas A&M University Press, 2000. 227pp [http://www.amazon.com/gp/reader/0890969175/Excerpts and online search from Amazon.com].
* García, Richard A. ''Rise of the Mexican American Middle Class: San Antonio, 1929-1941'' 1991
* Getz; Lynne Marie. ''Schools of Their Own: The Education of Hispanos in New Mexico, 1850-1940'' (1997)
* Gómez-Quiñones, Juan. ''Roots of Chicano Politics, 1600-1940'' (1994)
* Gonzales-Berry, Erlinda, David R. Maciel, editors, ''The Contested Homeland: A Chicano History of New Mexico'', 314 pages (2000), ISBN 0-8263-2199-2
* González; Nancie L. ''The Spanish-Americans of New Mexico: A Heritage of Pride'' (1969)
* Guglielmo, Thomas A. "Fighting for Caucasian Rights: Mexicans, Mexican Americans, and the Transnational Struggle for Civil Rights in World War II Texas," ''Journal of American History,'' 92 (March 2006) [http://www.historycooperative.org/cgi-bin/justtop.cgi?act=justtop&url=http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/92.4/guglielmo.html in History Cooperative] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081007045056/http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/jah/92.4/guglielmo.html |date=2008-10-07 }}
* Gutiérrez; Ramón A. ''When Jesus Came, the Corn Mothers Went Away: Marriage, Sexuality, and Power in New Mexico, 1500-1846'' (1991)
* Márquez, Benjamin. ''LULAC: The Evolution of a Mexican American Political Organization'' (1993)
* Matovina, Timothy M. ''Tejano Religion and Ethnicity, San Antonio, 1821-1860'' (1995)
* Montejano, David. ''Anglos and Mexicans in the Making of Texas, 1836-1986'' (1987)
* Muñoz, Laura K., “Desert Dreams: Mexican American Education in Arizona, 1870–1930” (PhD dissertation Arizona State University, 2006). Order No. DA3210182.
* Quintanilla, Linda J., “Chicana Activists of Austin and Houston, Texas: A Historical Analysis” (University of Houston, 2005). Order No. DA3195964.
* Sánchez; George I. ''Forgotten People: A Study of New Mexicans'' (1940; reprint 1996) on New Mexico
* Taylor, Paul S. ''Mexican Labor in the United States''. 2 vols. 1930-1932, on Texas
* Stewart, Kenneth L., and Arnoldo De León. ''Not Room Enough: Mexicans, Anglos, and Socioeconomic Change in Texas, 1850-1900'' (1993)
* de la Teja, Jesús F. ''San Antonio de Béxar: A Community on New Spain's Northern Frontier'' (1995).
* Tijerina, Andrés. ''Tejanos and Texas under the Mexican Flag, 1821-1836'' (1994),
* Tijerina, Andrés. ''Tejano Empire: Life on the South Texas Ranchos'' (1998).
* Timmons, W. H. ''El Paso: A Borderlands History'' (1990).
* Trevino, Roberto R. ''The Church in the Barrio: Mexican American Ethno-Catholicism in Houston.'' (2006). 308pp.
* Weber, David J. ''The Mexican Frontier, 1821-1846: The American Southwest under Mexico'' (1982)
** Garcia, Richard A. "Changing Chicano Historiography," ''Reviews in American History'' 34.4 (2006) 521-528 in [[Project Muse]]

==== Alte regiuni ====
* Bullock, Charles S., III and Hood, M. V., III. "A Mile-wide Gap: the Evolution of Hispanic Political Emergence in the Deep South." ''Social Science Quarterly'' 2006 87(special Issue): 1117-1135. Issn: 0038-4941 Fulltext: [http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showFullText?submitFullText=Full+Text+HTML&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2006.00419.x in [[Blackwell Synergy]]]
* García, María Cristina. ''Havana, USA: Cuban Exiles and Cuban Americans in South Florida, 1959–1994'' (1996); [http://www.amazon.com/Havana-USA-Americans-Florida-1959-1994/dp/0520211170/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274078&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130513152826/http://www.blackwell-synergy.com/action/showFullText?submitFullText=Full+Text+HTML&doi=10.1111%2Fj.1540-6237.2006.00419.x |date=2013-05-13 }}
* Korrol, Virginia Sánchez. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City, 1917–1948'' (1994)
* Millard, Ann V. and Chapa, Jorge. ''Apple Pie and Enchiladas: Latino Newcomers in the Rural Midwest.'' 2004. 276 pp. [http://www.amazon.com/Apple-Pie-Enchiladas-Newcomers-Midwest/dp/0292705689/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274263&sr=8-1 excerpt and text search]
* Murphy, Arthur D., Colleen Blanchard, and Jennifer A. Hill, eds. ''Latino Workers in the Contemporary South.'' 2001. 224 pp.
* Padilla, Felix M. ''Puerto Rican Chicago.'' (1987). 277 pp.
* Sãnchez Korrol, Virginia E. ''From Colonia to Community: The History of Puerto Ricans in New York City.'' (1994) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft2g5004p1/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [http://www.amazon.com/Colonia-Community-History-American-Society/dp/0520079000/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274120&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Vargas, Zaragosa. ''Proletarians of the North: A History of Mexican Industrial Workers in Detroit and the Midwest, 1917-1933'' (1993) [http://content.cdlib.org/ark:/13030/ft8t1nb5q5/?&query=&brand=ucpress complete text online free in California]; [http://www.amazon.com/Proletarians-North-Industrial-1917-1933-American/dp/0520219627/ref=sr_1_2?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1197274212&sr=8-2 excerpt and text search]
* Whalen, Carmen Teresa, and Victor Vásquez-Hernández, eds. '' The Puerto Rican Diaspora: Historical Perspectives'' (2005)
</div>

=== Surse primare ===
* Richard Ellis, ed. ''New Mexico Past and Present: A Historical Reader.'' 1971.
* David J. Weber; ''Foreigners in Their Native Land: Historical Roots of the Mexican Americans'' (1973), primary sources to 1912

==Legături externe==
*[http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/congress/ Hispanic Americans in Congress] ''[[Library of Congress]]''
*[http://www.army.mil/hispanicamericans/ Hispanic Americans in the U.S. Army]
*[http://www.census.gov/prod/2001pubs/p20-535.pdf 2000 Census]
*[http://www.pbs.org/newshour/generation-next/demographic/latinamerica_04-26.html Latino-Americans Become Unofficial Face of Politics Abroad] by Josh Miller, PBS, 27 aprilie 2007
*[http://www.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2009/latino.in.america/ Latino in America] - ''[[CNN]]''
*[http://www.mexicanroots.com Mexican Roots]

[[Categorie:America Latină]]
[[Categorie:Americani după originea etnică sau națională]]