Argument

Un argument (din latină argumentum „mijloc de dovadă“) este o afirmație sau o serie de afirmații (premise), care este utilizată pentru a motiva o altă afirmație, de exemplu o concluzie (sau o teză).^[1]^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Forma logică a unui argument într-o limbă naturală poate fi reprezentată într-un limbaj formal simbolic și, independent de limba naturală, pot fi formulate "argumente" în matematică și informatică.

Logica este studiul formelor de raționament în argumente și elaborarea de standarde și criterii pentru evaluarea argumentelor.^[6]

Afirmarea argumentelor pentru a apăra o teză se numește argumentare.

Derivarea corectă din punct de vedere logic a unei afirmații din alte afirmații sau argumente (adevărate) se numește dovadă.

Vezi și[modificare | modificare sursă]

Note[modificare | modificare sursă]

^ "Argument", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy." "In everyday life, we often use the word "argument" to mean a verbal dispute or disagreement. This is not the way this word is usually used in philosophy. However, the two uses are related. Normally, when two people verbally disagree with each other, each person attempts to convince the other that his/her viewpoint is the right one. Unless he or she merely results to name calling or threats, he or she typically presents an argument for his or her position, in the sense described above. In philosophy, "arguments" are those statements a person makes in the attempt to convince someone of something, or present reasons for accepting a given conclusion."
^ Ralph H. Johnson, Manifest Rationality: A pragmatic theory of argument (New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum, 2000), 46-49.
^ Ralph H. Johnson, Manifest Rationality: A pragmatic theory of argument (New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum, 2000), 46.
^ The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd Ed. CUM, 1995 "Argument: a sequence of statements such that some of them (the premises) purport to give reason to accept another of them, the conclusion"
^ Stanford Enc. Phil., Classical Logic
^ "Argument", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy."

Legături externe[modificare | modificare sursă]

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[1] "Argument", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy." "In everyday life, we often use the word "argument" to mean a verbal dispute or disagreement. This is not the way this word is usually used in philosophy. However, the two uses are related. Normally, when two people verbally disagree with each other, each person attempts to convince the other that his/her viewpoint is the right one. Unless he or she merely results to name calling or threats, he or she typically presents an argument for his or her position, in the sense described above. In philosophy, "arguments" are those statements a person makes in the attempt to convince someone of something, or present reasons for accepting a given conclusion."

[2] Ralph H. Johnson, Manifest Rationality: A pragmatic theory of argument (New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum, 2000), 46-49.

[3] Ralph H. Johnson, Manifest Rationality: A pragmatic theory of argument (New Jersey: Laurence Erlbaum, 2000), 46.

[4] The Cambridge Dictionary of Philosophy, 2nd Ed. CUM, 1995 "Argument: a sequence of statements such that some of them (the premises) purport to give reason to accept another of them, the conclusion"

[5] Stanford Enc. Phil., Classical Logic

[6] "Argument", Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy."

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