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Primul Război Anglo-Afgan

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Primul Război Anglo-Afgan
Parte a Marelui Joc

Litografie reprezentând forțele indo-britanice luând cu asalt fortăreața în timpul Bătălia de la Ghazni, 23 iulie 1839.
Informații generale
Perioadă1 Octombrie 1838 – Octombrie 1842
LocAfganistan
RezultatVictorie a Emiratului Afgan
Beligeranți
Afganistan Regatul Unit al Marii Britanii și al Irlandei de Nord Imperiul Britanic

Sprijiniți de:

Imperiul Sikh
Comandanți și conducători
Dost Mohammad Han 



Șujah ul-Mulk Executed



Pierderi
Necunoscut/Neînregistrat15,000[1]–40,000 Britanci[2]

Primul Război Anglo-Afgan (în paștună: ده انګريز افغان اولني جګړه) a fost purtat între Imperiul Britanic și Emiratul Kabulului din 1838 până în 1842. Britanicii au invadat inițial țara cu succes, intervenind într-o dispută de succesiune între emirul Dost Mohammad Han (Barakzai) și fostul rege Șah Șuja (Durrani), pe care l-au reinstalat după ocuparea Kabulului în august 1839. Principala forță indo-britanică a ocupat Kabulul și a îndurat ierni aspre. Armata și însoțitorii săi din tabără au fost aproape complet masacrați în timpul retragerii din Kabul din 1842.[3][4]

Britanicii au trimis apoi ceea ce a fost denumit pe scară largă o „Armată a Răzbunării” la Kabul pentru a răzbuna distrugerea trupelor anterioare. După eliberarea prizonierilor, au părăsit Afganistanul până la sfârșitul anului. Dost Mohammad s-a întors din exilul său din India pentru a-și relua domnia.

Acesta a fost unul dintre primele mari conflicte din timpul Marelui Joc, competiția din secolul al XIX-lea pentru putere și influență în Asia Centrală între Marea Britanie și Rusia.[5]

  1. ↑ Adamec, Ludwig W. (). Historical Dictionary of Afghanistan (în engleză). Scarecrow Press. p. 145. ISBN 978-0-8108-7815-0. The war cost Britain £20 million and some 15,000 lives of all ranks and camp followers.
  2. ↑ Dalrymple 2013, p. 314.
  3. ↑ Kohn, George Childs (2013). Dictionary of Wars. Revised Edition. London/New York: Routledge. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-135-95494-9.
  4. 1 2 Baxter, Craig⁠(d) (2001). "The First Anglo–Afghan War". In Federal Research Division, Library of Congress (ed.). Afghanistan: A Country Study. Baton Rouge, LA: Claitor's Pub. Division. ISBN 1-57980-744-5.
  5. 1 2 Keay, John⁠(d) (2010). India: A History (revised ed.). New York, NY: Grove Press. pp. 418–19. ISBN 978-0-8021-4558-1.
  6. 1 2 3 4 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 110.
  7. ↑ Fromkin, David "The Great Game in Asia" pp. 936–51 from Foreign Affairs, Volume 58, Issue 4, Spring 1980 pp. 937–38
  8. ↑ Fromkin, David "The Great Game in Asia" pp. 936–51 from Foreign Affairs, Volume 58, Issue 4, Spring 1980 p. 938
  9. ↑ Riasanovsky, Nicholas Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825–1855, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1959 p. 255.
  10. ↑ Riasanovsky, Nicholas Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825–1855, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1959 pp. 257–58.
  11. ↑ Riasanovsky, Nicholas Nicholas I and Official Nationality in Russia, 1825–1855, Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1959 p. 258.
  12. 1 2 3 4 Husain, Farrukh (2018). Afghanistan in the age of empires: the great game for South and Central Asia. Silk Road Books. pp. 81, 412. ISBN 978-1-5272-1633-4.
  13. ↑ Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 205. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  14. ↑ „ANGLO-AFGHAN WARS” (în engleză). Encyclopaedia Iranica. Accesat în .
  15. ↑ electricpulp.com. „ANGLO-AFGHAN RELATIONS – Encyclopaedia Iranica” (în engleză). iranicaonline.org. Arhivat din original la . Accesat în .
  16. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 111.
  17. 1 2 Macintyre, Ben The Man Who Would Be King, New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2002 p. 205
  18. ↑ Macintyre, Ben The Man Who Would Be King, New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2002 pp. 205–06
  19. ↑ Macintyre, Ben The Man Who Would Be King, New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2002 p. 206
  20. ↑ Macintyre, Ben The Man Who Would Be King, New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2002 pp. 206–07
  21. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 pp. 110–11.
  22. ↑ Macintyre, Ben The Man Who Would Be King, New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2002 p. 32
  23. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 112.
  24. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 pp. 109–10.
  25. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 pp. 112–13.
  26. 1 2 3 „The Company that ruled the waves”, The Economist, ISSN 0013-0613, accesat în
  27. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 113.
  28. 1 2 Ram, Subedar Sita (1988). From Sepoy to Subedar. Papermac. p. 86. ISBN 0-333-45672-6.
  29. ↑ „Ranjit Singh | Maharaja, Biography, Family, & History | Britannica” (în engleză). www.britannica.com. . Accesat în .
  30. ↑ History, Kenneth Pletcher Senior Editor, Geography and (), The History of India (în engleză), The Rosen Publishing Group, Inc, ISBN 978-1-61530-122-5, accesat în
  31. ↑ „'Ko-i-Staun Foot Soldiery in Summer Costume, Actively employed among the Rocks' | Online Collection | National Army Museum, London”. collection.nam.ac.uk. Accesat în .
  32. 1 2 Yapp, M.E. Journal Article The Revolutions of 1841–2 in Afghanistan pp. 333–81 from The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 27, Issue 2, 1964 p. 338.
  33. ↑ Hodge, Carl Cavanagh (25 November 2016). War, Strategy and the Modern State, 1792–1914. Taylor & Francis. p. 57. ISBN 978-1-315-39137-3.
  34. ↑ Ewans, Martin (2002). Afghanistan: A Short History of Its People and Politics. HarperCollins. p. 63. ISBN 0-06-050508-7.
  35. 1 2 3 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 116.
  36. 1 2 3 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 117.
  37. ↑ Forbes, Archibald. „The Afghan Wars 1839-42 and 1878-80” (în engleză). https://www.gutenberg.org/files/8428/8428-0.txt. Accesat în . Legătură externa în |publisher= (ajutor)
  38. ↑ Sandes, Lt Col E.W.C., 'The Indian Sappers and Miners' pp 133-147. The Institution of Royal Engineers, Chatham, 1948.
  39. 1 2 3 Dalrymple, William (), Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan, 1839-42, Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-307-95828-0, accesat în
  40. 1 2 3 4 5 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 121.
  41. ↑ „About this Collection | World Digital Library | Digital Collections | Library of Congress”. Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Accesat în .
  42. 1 2 3 4 5 Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 249. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  43. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 250. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  44. ↑ Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  45. 1 2 3 Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 254. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  46. 1 2 Dalrymple, William (2013). The Return of a King: The Battle for Afghanistan, 1839-42 (First ed.). p. 180. New York: Bloomsbury Publishing. ISBN 978-0-307-95828-0. OCLC 792880742.
  47. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 255. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  48. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 256. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  49. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 257. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  50. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 258. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
  51. ↑ Dupree, L. Afghanistan. Princeton: Princeton Legacy Library, 1980. p. 379
  52. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 pp. 120–21
  53. ↑ Yapp, M.E. "The Revolutions of 1841–2 in Afghanistan" pp. 333–81 from The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 27, Issue 2, 1964 pp. 339–40.
  54. ↑ Yapp, M.E "British Perceptions of the Russian Threat to India" pp. 647–65 from Modern Asian Studies, Volume 21, No. 4 1987 p. 656.
  55. ↑ Yapp, M.E "British Perceptions of the Russian Threat to India" pp. 647–65 from Modern Asian Studies, Volume 21, No. 4 1987 p. 659.
  56. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Yapp, M.E "British Perceptions of the Russian Threat to India" pp. 647–65 from Modern Asian Studies, Volume 21, No. 4 1987 p. 660.
  57. ↑ David, Saul. Victoria's Wars, 2007 Penguin Books. p. 41
  58. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 124
  59. ↑ Who after his demise in 1841, was replaced by his son Mir Aqa Jan, see Maj (r) Nur Muhammad Shah, Kohistani, Nur i Kohistan, Lahore, 1957, pp. 49–52
  60. 1 2 Yapp, M.E. "The Revolutions of 1841–2 in Afghanistan" pp. 333–81 from The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 27, Issue 2, 1964 pp. 334–35.
  61. 1 2 3 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 125.
  62. ↑ Yapp, M.E. "The Revolutions of 1841–2 in Afghanistan" pp 333–81 from The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 27, Issue 2, 1964 p. 335.
  63. 1 2 3 Yapp, M.E. "The Revolutions of 1841–2 in Afghanistan" pp. 333–81 from The Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Volume 27, Issue 2, 1964 p. 336.
  64. 1 2 3 Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 292.
  65. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 pp. 125–26.
  66. 1 2 3 4 5 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 126.
  67. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 pp. 126–27.
  68. 1 2 3 4 5 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 127.
  69. ↑ Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 128.
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  71. ↑ Macrory, Patrick. "Retreat From Kabul: The Catastrophic Defeat In Afghanistan, 1842". 2002 The Lyons Press p. 203
  72. 1 2 3 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 133.
  73. 1 2 3 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 134.
  74. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 pp. 366–67
  75. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 369.
  76. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 135.
  77. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 373
  78. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 136.
  79. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 375
  80. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 374
  81. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 pp. 383–84
  82. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 384
  83. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 379
  84. ↑ Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Blomsbury, 2012 p. 380.
  85. 1 2 3 Perry, James Arrogant Armies, Edison: CastleBooks, 2005 p. 137.
  86. 1 2 3 Dalrymple, William Return of a King, London: Bloomsbury, 2012 p. 385
  87. ↑ Blackburn, Terence R. (2008). The extermination of a British army: the retreat from Cabul. New Delhi: A.P.H. Publishing Corporation. p. 121
  88. 1 2 Ewans, Martin (), Afghanistan : a short history of its people and politics, Internet Archive, New York : Perennial, p. 70, ISBN 978-0-06-050508-0, accesat în
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  90. ↑ Toorn, Wout van der (), Logbook of the Low Countries (în arabă), Page Publishing Inc, ISBN 978-1-63417-999-7, accesat în
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  93. ↑ Steele, Jonathan (), Ghosts of Afghanistan : hard truths and foreign myths, Internet Archive, Berkeley, CA : Counterpoint, p. 110, ISBN 978-1-58243-787-3, accesat în
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  95. ↑ Bizhan, Nematullah (), Aid Paradoxes in Afghanistan: Building and Undermining the State (în engleză), Routledge, ISBN 978-1-351-69265-6, accesat în
  96. ↑ Gleig, George Robert (), Sale's Brigade in Afghanistan: With an Account of the Seisure and Defence of Jellalabad (în engleză), John Murry, p. 181, accesat în
  97. ↑ Lee, Jonathan L. (15 January 2019). Afghanistan: A History from 1260 to the Present. Reaktion Books. p. 264-265. ISBN 978-1-78914-010-1.
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  100. ↑ „'Victoria' Season 2: "A Soldier's Daughter/The Green-Eyed Monster" Recap | Telly Visions” (în engleză). tellyvisions.org. Accesat în .
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