Langues d'oïl

Repartiţia geografică a limbilor Oïl, cu excepţia francezei, pot fi văzute pe această hartă în diferite nuanțe de galben și verde

Langues d'oïl este termenul lingvistic și istoric care desemnează limbile galo-romanice originare din nord-estul teritoriilor Galiei romane, mai exact nord-estul provinciei romane Gallia Comata, cu cele trei subdiviziuni ale sale Gallia Aquitania, Gallia Belgica și Gallia Lugdunensis, care acoperă astăzi aproximativ jumătatea de nord a Franței, majoritatea Belgiei, zona Canalului Mânecii și extremitatea sud-vestică a Germaniei de azi.

• Romance languages
  • Gallo-Romance languages
    • Langue d'oïl and Oïl languages
    • Langue d'oc or Occitan language

Împărțire lingvistică

Five different zones of Oïl languages have been proposed:

• Frankish zone (zone francique)

Picard, Walloon, Lorrain, Norman (north of the ligne Joret), eastern Champenois

• Burgundian zone (zone burgonde)

Burgundian, Franc-Comtois

• Francien zone (zone francienne)

varieties of the Ile-de-france: Orléanais, Tourain, western Champenois, Berrichon, Bourbonnais

• Armorican zone (zone armoricaine)

Gallo, Norman (south of the ligne Joret)

• Poitevin-Saintongeais zone (zone poitevine-saintongeaise)

Poitevin-Saintongeais

For the history of phonology, orthography, syntax and morphology : see History of the French language and the relevant individual Oïl language articles.

Each of the Oïl languages has developed in its own way from the common ancestor, and division of the development into periods varies according to the individual histories. Modern linguistics uses the following terms :

• Old French, Old Norman etc. for the period 9th-13th centuries.

And then for French:

• Middle French for the period 14th-15th centuries.
• 16th century : "français Renaissance" (Renaissance French language).
• Then the terms français du 17e siècle, du 18e siècle, etc.

Literatură

The Oïl languages have literary traditions, as for example seen in this 19th century collection of Jèrriais short stories

Statut

Bilingual street sign for market square in French and Walloon

Influențe

Signage in Gallo in the metro of Rennes.

Listă de dialecte Oïl și limbi Oïl

Format:See Lingviștii moderni împart limbile vorbite în Franța (mai ales limba franceză medievală)în trei subcategorii geografice:Langue d'oïl and Langue d'oc are the two major groups; the third group, Franco-Provençal, is considered a transitional language between the two other groups.

The Oïl languages in their range from Belgium across northern and central France and the Channel Islands form a dialect continuum. The list takes into account a historical indexation:

• Central Oïl languages
  • Francien or Parisien (cf. above)
    • French
      • Quebec French
        • Joual
      • Acadian French
        • Cajun French
    • Orléanais

• Northern Oïl languages
  • Walloon
  • Picard
  • Champenois

• Eastern Oïl languages
  • Bourguignon
  • Franc-Comtois
  • Lorrain

• Western Oïl languages
  • Norman and derived languages
    • Anglo-Norman (extinct)
    • Auregnais (extinct, formerly spoken in Alderney)
    • Cotentinais
    • Dgèrnésiais (spoken in Guernsey)
    • Jèrriais (spoken in Jersey)
      • Sercquiais (spoken in Sark)
  • Gallo language (spoken in Eastern Brittany)
  • Poitevin-Saintongeais
    • Maraichin (north-western variety of Poitevin spoken in Northern Vendée, Southern Loire-Atlantique)

Limbi creole derivate din franceză

Creole languages and pidgins developed from a basis of French are sometimes included among the Oïl languages.

   * French-based creole languages
   * Antillean Creole
   * Camfranglais
   * Chiac Language
   * French Guiana Creole
   * Haitian Creole languag
   * Haitian Vodoun Culture Language
   * Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
   * Lanc-Patuá
   * Louisiana Creole French
   * Mauritian Creole
   * Michif
   * Réunion Creole
   * Seychellois Creole
   * Tây Bồi
   * Tayo language

Referințe

• Paroles d'Oïl, Défense et promotion des Langues d'Oïl, Mougon 1994, ISBN 2-905061-95-2
• Les langues régionales, Jean Sibille, 2000, ISBN 2-08-035731-X